(表示对象)对…不利,对…有害; 和…碰撞,与…撞击; 预防,以…为抵御对象; 以…为竞争对手; 违反,违背causing disadvantage to; having an unfavorable effect on; in the direction of and meeting; as a defence or protection from; indicating antagonism; in violation of or contrary to
(表示目的)为…作准备,防备…之用in preparation for; as a defense or protection from
(表示态度)反对,反抗opposed to, not in favor of, not defense of, not in support of
(表示依据)以…为标准according to sth
(表示比率)以…兑换,以…交换change sth for sth
(表示对比)和…比,和…对照; 以…为背景having as a background; in contrast to